STAND-ALONE UTILITY PROGRAMS

These utility programs -- each self-loading and complete with subroutines -- are separate from the System Library and enable the user to perform operations without Monitor system control. The first three programs are available in card and paper tape, the last two in paper tape only. The utility programs are:

Console Printer Core Dump
Printer Core Dump
Disk Cartridge Initialization Program (DCIP)
Paper Tape Utility (PTUTL)
Paper Tape Reproducing

CONSOLE PRINTER CORE DUMP

This program aids the user in debugging programs by dumping selected portions of core on the Console Printer.

Format

Each core location is dumped as a four-digit hexadecimal word with a space separating each word. The first word dumped is the starting address of the dump (as specified in the console entry switches).

Operating Procedures

With the console Mode switch set to RUN, press IMM STOP and RESET on the console.
Place the Console Printer Core Dump program in the reader wired for IPL and ready the reader (if the system configuration is 2501, 1442-6 or -7, make the 1442 not-ready).
Set the margin on the Console Printer. To print the same format on each line set the number of print positions to a multiple of 5.
Set the starting address (in hexadecimal) in the console entry switches.
Press PROGRAM LOAD.

Dumping continues until IMM STOP Is pressed. To continue, press PROGRAM START.

PRINTER CORE DUMP

This program dumps core in hexadecimal format on either the 1403 Printer or the 1132 Printer, whichever is in a ready status. If both are ready, the dump will be on the 1403.

NOTE: "Not present" is equivalent to "not ready".

Format

Dumping starts at location $ZEND. Each line contains a four-digit hexadecimal address, followed by 16 four-digit hexadecimal words. A space separates the address and each word in the printed line. An additional space is inserted between each group of four words.

To decrease dump time, the program does not print consecutive duplicate lines. Before printing a line, it compares the next 16 words with the 16 words just printed. If they are identical, the program goes on to the next 16 words in core. If they are not identical, the printer spaces one line and prints. The address printed is that of the first word on the line.

Operating Procedures

With the console Mode switch set to RUN, press IMM STOP and RESET.
Place the Printer Core Dump program in the reader wired for IPL and ready the reader. (If the system configuration is 2501, 1442-6 or -7, make the 1442 not-ready.)
Ready the printer.
Press PROGRAM LOAD.

Dumping starts at location $ZEND and continues to the end of core. The user may halt the dump at any time by pressing IMM STOP. Press PROGRAM START to continue on the 1403. The 1132 has no restart capabilities.

DISK CARTRIDGE INITIALIZATION PROGRAM (DCIP)

The Disk Cartridge Initialization Program (DCIP) is composed of

A disk initialization subroutine
A disk copy subroutine
A disk dump subroutine

Initialization

Writes a sector address on every sector, including defective sectors.
Determines which, if any, sectors are defective and fills in the defective cylinder table accordingly.
Establishes a file-protected area for the disk cartridge.
Puts an ID on the disk cartridge.
Establishes a DCOM, LET, and CIB.

Initialization of a cartridge is required before the Monitor system can be loaded.

The disk I/O subroutines operate with up to three defective cylinders, i.e., three cylinders that contain one or more defective sectors.

Cylinder zero must not be a defective cylinder; otherwise, the cartridge cannot be initialized.

At the completion of disk initialization, a four-word table is written on sector@lDAD. Words 1, 2, and 3 contain the address of sector zero of any defective cylinders found (maximum of three). When there are no defective cylinders, these words contain /0658, e.g., the table for a cartridge with a defect only in sector 9 (cylinder 1) would contain:

    /0008
    /0658
    /0658

Word 4 contains the cartridge ID. The copy code (word 5) through word 270 Is cleared to zero, and the Cold Start Error Message (including the program to type the message) is stored on sector @IDAD starting at word 271.

After sector @DCOM has been cleared to zeros, certain parameters are initialized to indicate that this is a non-system cartridge. The parameter set, including their initial values, are listed below:

#ANDU	/0180 (disk block address)	End of User Area, adjusted (update during JOB T)
#BNDU	/0180 (disk block address)	End of User Area, base
#FPAD	/0018 (sector address)	File protect address on this cartridge
	#CIDN	XXXX Cartridge ID of this cartridge
#CIBA	/0008 (sector address)	First sector of CIB on this cartridge
#ULET	/0002 (sector address)	First sector of LET on this cartridge

An initial LET is also created on sector @RIAD. Its contents are as follows:

Word 1

LET sector number

/0000

Word 2

Sector address of UA

/0018

Word 3

Reserved

/0000

Word 4

Words available in this sector

/0138

Word 5

LET/FLET chain address

/0000

(Last LET/FLET sector)

Word 6

1st Word of 1DUMY entry

/7112

1DUMY in packed
truncated EBCDIC

Word 7

2nd Word of 1DUMY entry

/4568

Word 8

Size of 1DUMY

/6280

(Size of WS available in disk blocks)

Words 9-320 of RIAD all contain zero.

Copy

The disk copy subroutine of DCIP

Checks to ensure that both the cartridge to be copied and the cartridge onto which the copy is to be made have been correctly initialized.
Copies a cartridge from any drive onto a cartridge on any other drive, making allowances for defective cylinders. The cartridge ID, copy code, and defective cylinder table are not copied from the source cartridge. Both Version 1 and Version 2 cartridges may be copied.

Dump

The disk dump subroutine of DCIP

Dumps any disk sectors from any drive.
Prints the dump on the fastest printer on the system (in the order of speed -- 1403, 1132, or Console Printer).

The address of the first sector to be dumped and the number of consecutive sectors to be dumped are specified in the console entry switches.

Each sector printout is 20 lines -- 16 four-digit hexadecimal words per line. Two sectors are printed on each page and each sector is preceded by a 3-word header. The first digit of the first header word is the drive number. The remaining three digits of the first header word show the physical sector address of the sector being dumped. The second header word is the sector address that actually appears on the sector being dumped. The third word is the logical sector address, taking into account any defective cylinders. If the user dumps a sector that is in a defective cylinder, the third word will contain the letters DEFC.

Operating Procedures

With the console Mode switch set to RUN, press IMM STOP and RESET on the console.
Place the Disk Cartridge Initialization Program in the reader wired for IPL and ready the reader.

If the system configuration is 2501-1442, make the 1442 not-ready. (On the paper tape system, place the DCIP tape in the reader, positioning the tape so that one of the delete codes following the program name in the leader is under the read starwheels.)

Press PROGRAM LOAD.
After the program is loaded, the following message is printed on the Console Printer.
```
    TURN ON SW0 TO INITIALIZE
      SW1 TO COPY
      SW2 to DUMP
```
Turn on console entry switch 0, 1, or 2 and press PROGRAM START.

NOTES:

At any point in this program, an invalid entry in the console entry switches will cause the following message to be printed.
```
    ENTRY ERROR ... RETRY
```
Correct the error and press PROGRAM START to continue.
If a drive is not ready, the standard preoperative trap to $PRET is made. The Accumulator contains /50X0 where X is the number of the physical drive that is not ready.
All console entry switch settings are printed on the Console Printer as 4-digit hexadecimal numbers.
DCIP messages refer to console entry switches as "bit" switches.
If the system has two card readers, only the reader wired for IPL should be in the ready state.
A DCIP function can be aborted at any time by pressing keyboard INT REQ. The user is then given the option of repeating the current function or selecting a new function.

Initialization (Console Entry Switch 0 On)

If console entry switch 0 is on, the following message is printed.
```
    ENTER DR. NO. IN BITS 12-15
      TURN ON BIT 0 FOR ADDRESSES ONLY
```
Enter the physical drive number of the cartridge being initialized (in binary) in console entry switches 12-15.
Turn console entry switch 0 off if the cartridge is being initialized. (The entire disk surface is cleared, disk addresses are written, and three distinct bit patterns are written and read back for checking purposes. In addition, the following message and a program for printing it is written on sector @IDAD, starting at word 271.
```
    NON-SYST. CART ERROR
```
When the Monitor system is loaded to disk, this message is overlaid by the Cold Start program; therefore, an attempt to cold start a non-system cartridge will result in the above message being printed.
Leave console entry switch 0 on if addresses only are being written (any data on the cartridge is retained).
Press PROGRAM START.
If console entry switch 0 is on, addresses are written on the disk and the following message is then printed.
```
    ADDRESSING COMPLETE
```
The program now returns to accept the next DCIP function and the option messages are reprinted.
If console entry switch 0 is off, the following message is printed.
```
    ENTER CARTRIDGE ID
```
Turn off all console entry switches and enter the cartridge ID in console entry switches 1-15 (four hexadecimal characters). A valid cartridge ID is a number between /0001 and /7FFF.
Press PROGRAM START. The cartridge ID is printed.
The cartridge is initialized and the following message is printed.
```
    INITIALIZATION COMPLETE
```
In addition, one of the following messages is printed.
```
    NO DEFECTIVE CYLS
```
or
```
    DEFECTIVE CYLS FOLLOW
XXX...
```

If more than 3 defective sectors are printed, or if cylinder zero is defective, or if the sector address cannot be written on every sector, the cartridge cannot be usedwith the Monitor system and the following message is printed:

    CARTRIDGE DEFECTIVE

The last message printed is:

    TURN ON SW 0 FOR ADDITIONAL TESTING

Set console entry switch 0 as desired and press PROGRAM START.
If console entry switch 0 is off, the program returns to accept the next DCIP function.
If console entry switch 0 is on, the following message is printed.
```
    ENTER REPETITION COUNT IN BITS 11-15
```
Enter the repetition count (max. 31) in binary in console entry switches 11-15. This will give additional opportunity to find marginal cylinders and reduce chances of disk errors later on.
Press PROGRAM START.
Initialization is repeated with each cylinder being checked with each pattern the number of times specified in the repetition count. When the pass is completed, the initialization complete messages are repeated, including any new defective cylinders found and the user is again given the option to repeat the initialization, or select the next DCIP function. All new cartridges must be initialized by DCIP.

Copy (Console Entry Switch 1 On)

If console entry switch 1 is on, the following message is printed.
```
    ENTER... SOURCE DR. (BITS 0-3)
             OBJECT DR. (BITS 12-15)
```
Enter the physical drive number of the source drive (in binary) in console entry switches 0-3. Enter the drive code of the object drive (in binary) in console entry switches 12-15.
Press PROGRAM START.
If the cartridge on either the source or object drive has not been initialized, the following message is printed.
```
X DR. NOT INITIALIZED
```
The program now returns to accept the next DCIP function and the option messages are printed.

If both drives have been initialized, the contents of the source cartridge (less defective sector data and cartridge ID) is copied on the object cartridge.

Word 5 of sector @IDAD of the source cartridge (zero when the cartridge is initialized) is incremented by 1 when written on the object cartridge.
The copy number of the object cartridge will thus always be one more than the copy number of the source cartridge.

NOTE: When copying is complete, the program returns to select the next DCIP function and the option messages are printed. If a disk read/write error occurs, the following message is printed.

    DISK ERROR... TURN ON SW 0 TO RETRY

At the WAIT, the Accumulator contents will be /0001 for a read error or /0002 for a write error. The Extension will contain /XYYY where X is the drive code and YYY is the address of the sector in error.

Turn console entry switch 0 on and press PROGRAM START to rewrite or reread the sector in error.

Leave console entry switch 0 off and press PROGRAM START to ignore the error and continue. If the error is ignored, the contents of the object cartridge will reflect the last attempt to copy the sector in error.

Dump (Console Entry Switch 2 On)

If console entry switch 2 is on, the following message is printed.
```
    ENTER... PHYS. DR. NO. (BITS 0-3)
             FIRST SECTOR (BITS 4-15)
```
Enter the physical drive number of the drive containing the cartridge to be dumped in console entry switches 0-3. Enter the address of the first sector to be dumped in console entry switches 4-15 (hexadecimal, maximum /0657).
Press PROGRAM START.
The following message is printed.
```
    ENTER NO. OF SCTRS. TO DUMP
```
Enter the number of consecutive sectors to be dumped as a right-justified hexadecimal number in the console entry switches. The maximum amount will depend on the starting sector address.
Press PROGRAM START.
The requested number of sectors will be dumped. When the dump is complete, the program returns to accept the next DCIP function and the option messages are printed.
NOTE: If a disk read error occurs, the following message is printed.
```
    DISK ERROR... TURN ON SW 0 TO RETRY
```
Turn console entry switch 0 on and press PROGRAM START to read the sector in error. If the reread is successful, the sector is printed and the dump continues.
Leave console entry switches 0 off and press PROGRAM START to ignore the error and continue. The sector in error is printed as it was last read from the disk.

PAPER TAPE REPRODUCING PROGRAM

This program, available only with the paper tape system, is a self-loading paper tape strip that reproduces paper tapes. The program reads a character and punches it with no intermediate conversion.

Operating Procedure

Place the paper tape reproducing program tape in the paper tape reader, positioning the tape so that one of the delete codes beyond the ID in the leader is beneath the read starwheels.
With the console Mode switch set to RUN, press IMM STOP, RESET, and PROGRAM LOAD on the console. The reproducing program is read in and WAITs with /1111 in the Accumulator.
Remove the reproducing program tape and place the tape to be reproduced in the reader. Place blank tape in the tape punch unit and produce several inches of delete code leader by first pressing down and holding the DELETE key. Then press the FEED key and hold until a leader of sufficient length has been punched. Release the FEED key before releasing the DELETE key.
Press PROGRAM START to begin the tape reproducing operation. The program continues to operate until the paper tape reader goes not-ready, indicating that there is no more tape to be read. The tape reproducing routine then WAITs with /2222 in the Accumulator. If the paper tape punch is not-ready, the tape reproducing program WAITs with /3333 in the Accumulator. To restart, ready the paper tape punch, and press PROGRAM START. An unlimited number of tapes can be reproduced by this program. Be sure to create a trailer (and leader) of delete codes between the output tapes if the tapes are to be separated.
NOTE: If the PROGRAM STOP key is pressed while the program is in operation, the program WAITs with /4444 in the Accumulator. Press PROGRAM START to continue.

STAND-ALONE PAPER TAPE UTILITY PROGRAM (PTUTL)

This program, also included as an executable program in the System Library, is a self-loading paper tape utility program that allows the user to enter records from the 1134 Paper Tape Reader or the Keyboard. Program output is to the 1055 Paper Tape Punch and/ or the Console Printer.

Operating Procedures

Place the PTUTL tape in the paper tape reader so that one of the delete codes beyond the program II) is under the read starwheels.
With the console mode switch set to RUN, press IMM STOP, RESET, and PROGRAM LOAD on the console.
PTUTL is read in and the system WAITs with /1111 in the Accumulator.
For complete operating instructions for PTUTL, see Paper Tape Utility (PTUTL) in the System Library.

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